فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 70 (تابستان 1401)

The family is the oldest social institution known to mankind, nevertheless, the analysis of its nature is one of the complex and controversial issues among jurists, and it is disputed in the law of different countries. This research aims to explain the family with the focus on texts and sources of jurisprudence and law of Iran and examine the family as an independent entity. The research method is analytical-descriptive and data collection was done through library resources and it has a practical dimension as well in the field of law reform. The research findings indicate that Iranian jurisprudence does not recognize the independent legal personhood of the family, but it has considered it an independent nature and separate from its members. In other words, the family is an independent institution, therefore, it is said that the totality of the family is not equal to the sum of its parts, but this network is the continuous influence of the relations of the members, which add to the complexity of family identification. The result of this new approach is that the family has laws separate from the laws of its members, and some of them include: the right to privacy, the right to spiritual dignity, the right to support formation, consolidation and excellence, the obligation to preserve the family etc.

Trust affects success and stability of a marriage. The aim of this research is to study situations activating trust and mistrust towards the spouse among Iranian married couples. The data was gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire which included open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the data. 163 married people were chosen using the availability sampling and the questionnaires were filled online. The data were analyzed using Brown and Clark method.  Finally, three main themes, ten themes and fifteen sub-themes were extracted. Each theme is described by a spectrum with two ends indicating trust and mistrust. The main themes are: individual traits of the spouse, relationship traits of the couple, and the relationship of the souse with the outside world. The results of this study offered a comprehensive picture of the factors stabilizing and destroying trust among couples. These findings can be used in preventative interventions for premarital educations and promoting the quality of the couples’ relationships.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between defense mechanism styles and the quality of couples' relationships with the mediating role of marital conflict resolution styles. 244 couples were selected from the couples of Jam City by available sampling method. Andrews's Defensive Style Questionnaire and Rahim's Organizational Conflict Inventory and Couples Relationship Quality Scale were filled out by participants. The research data were analyzed using path analysis and AMOSE software. The results of the research showed that immature and mature styles among defensive styles and, integrating, avoiding, compromising and obliging styles among conflict resolution styles have significant relationships with the quality of couples' relationships. In examining the indirect relationships of the research, it was also found that the integrating and obliging conflict resolution styles mediate the relationship between immature defensive style and the quality of the couple's relationship, also the integrating and compromising conflict resolution styles mediate the relationship between mature defensive style and quality of the couple's relationship. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that examining defensive styles and conflict resolution styles can be useful in predicting and improving the quality of couples' relationships.

The aim of this study is to develop a model for predicting women's marital satisfaction based on parental intervention, perception of parents' Marriage, Adverse childhood experiences, depression and communication patterns. The present study was a descriptive correlation that was performed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all women in Zanjan, 250 of whom were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used in this study included the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Marriage Satisfaction Questionnaire, Perception of Parents Marriage, Communication Patterns Questionnaire, and Parental Intervention. SPSS24 and AMOS software were used for data analysis. Correlation findings showed that Adverse childhood experiences, depression, and communication pattern and parental intervention had a significant negative correlation with women's satisfaction and a constructive communication pattern had a significant positive correlation and the highest correlation with women's satisfaction. Model data also showed that the highest direct impact factor towards women's marital satisfaction was related to parental intervention. From these findings, it is concluded that the pattern of constructive communication and parental intervention are the most important factors affecting marital satisfaction and teaching the pattern of constructive interaction and separation and independence from parents can contribute to higher satisfaction among women.

Sexual satisfaction is one of the most important issues in marital singular that can affect its survival. The purpose of this study is to predict and examine sexual satisfaction by psychological concepts such as attachment styles, identity styles and Sternberg love triangle. The research method is correlational with the help of Stepwise regression analysis. The study population is all married people in Tehran who have been married for five years, of which 416 are the sample of this study. To collect information sexual satisfaction questionnaires (Kermani, 2007); Adult Attachment Styles (ASQ_15), (Hazen & Shaver, 1987); Identity styles (ISI_6G), (Berzonsky, 1992) and Love Triangle (STLS), (Sternberg, 1989) were used. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results of this study in accordance with previous findings showed that attachment styles, identity styles and love triangles in married people have a significant relationship with sexual satisfaction, respectively 25%, 19% and 28% with satisfaction, respectively. Sex was a common variance. As a result, using this to raise awareness can help significantly in marriage and divorce counseling.

The aim of this study is to investigate the modeling of marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love and emotional intelligence through the mediation of differentiation with the aim of family health and reducing marital conflicts. This study is basic and correlational so by cluster sampling 248 samples (115 females and 133 males) were randomly selected from a couple of clients in counseling centers in Tehran. The instruments used to collect data were Sanaei et al.'s (2014), Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Ghorbani et al.'s Self-Knowledge Questionnaire (2008), Sternberg Love Questionnaire (1986), Siberia Schering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Mansouri, 2001) and Drake Differentiation Questionnaire (2011). After collection, survey data were analyzed using SMART.PLS software and structural equation modeling without subscale. Findings indicate that the variables of self-knowledge, love and emotional intelligence were able to explain the variance of differentiation with a value of 0.715 and these three variables along with the mediating variable were able to predict the variance of marital conflicts with a value of 0.517, as well as the mediating role of differentiation. It was meaningful in all three directions. The results showed that the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love, emotional intelligence with differentiation mediated is a good fit. to be used.

The present qualitative study tries to ascertain the goals, criteria and challenges of spouse selection in people with physical-motor disabilities in Borujen in a phenomenological way. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with fourteen single people with physical-motor disabilities in Borujen`s well-being center. The obtained data were analyzed by Claizzi`s method. Six main categories  (purpose of marriage, criteria of choosing a spouse, marriage related concerns, weak family awareness, social stigma and lack of support resources), 22 Sub-themes (Satisfying sexual needs, escape from annoying family situations, a path to security at the face of an uncertain future, getting rid of the feeling of emptiness compared to married siblings, the physical condition of the future spouse, suitable age of the spouse, permanent marriage, having the power of understanding and empathy and having honesty, fear of being abandoned by the spouse, giving birth to a disabled child, non-acceptance from the spouse's family, worrying about not being able to meet the material needs of the spouse, denial of disability, creating obstacles and neglecting the necessity of marriage by family, not believing in the disabled child's ability, fear of the disabled child remaining single, the society's negative view, lack of government support, temporary employment, lack of employment or job compatibility with physical condition) themes were was extracted.

The purpose of this research is the adoption and validation of PERMA flourishing program to improve the psychological well-being of adolescents suffering from hearing loss and their mothers. This research is basic and qualitative. The study population included professionals in the fields of psychology and education of people with exceptional needs, teachers and parents of adolescents with hearing loss in Kashan City. 4 professionals in the fields of psychology of people with exceptional needs, 4 teachers and 4 parents of adolescents with hearing loss participated in this research. They were selected by purposive sampling method. Adoption and validation programs were done in five stages: literature review, investigation of current programs, implementing the program, validation of program and explaining its validation. Delfy approach for implementing the content, triangulation of investigator for validation, percentage of expert agreement method for determining reliability and Lawshe method for determining of content validation index were used. Findings indicated that the reliability of the program using the agreement percentage was 93% and the content validity index was 0.97. Therefore, PERMA has high validity and reliability for improving psychological well-being of adolescents with hearing loss and their parents.

This study aims to investigate the role of Affective Atmosphere of Family on academic procrastination by add the role of experimental avoidance in students. The research design was descriptive-correlational. The participants of this study were 375 (219 girls and 156 boys) tenth grade students in Yazd in the academic year 2019-20, that were selected based on random cluster sampling. Data were collected from academic procrastination questionnaire (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), affective atmosphere of family questionnaire (Hill Burn, 1964) and acceptance and practice questionnaire (Bond and et al, 2011). Data analysis was performed using correlation method based on structural equation modeling approach using AMOS software version 24. The results showed that affective atmosphere of family predicts directly, negatively and significantly, experiential avoidance (β=-0.68) and academic procrastination (β=-0.34). Experiential avoidance also directly, positively, and significantly predicts academic procrastination (β= 0.21). Finally, the results showed that experiential avoidance plays a mediating role in the relationship between affective atmosphere of family and academic procrastination. Therefore, it can be concluded that by improving the family's emotional atmosphere and increasing psychology flexibility (reducing experiential avoidance) students' academic procrastination can be somewhat reduced.

This study is conducted with the goal of investigating the impact of psychological flexibility on the tendency towards extramarital affairs with the mediating role of ego Identity. This study is a structural equation modeling correlational research; the statistical population of the study was all of the couples in Birjand. The sampling method was available and the number of samples included 192 couples (384 people). The questionnaires that were considered for collecting information from the sample group were: Attitude towards Watley's Extramarital Relationships (2006), Dennis, Vendoral’s Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010) and The second version of the Extended Objective Questionnaire on the Identity of ego Identity, Benion and Adams (1986). Structural equation model (SEM) was used for statistical analysis of data. The results have confirmed the direct effect of psychological flexibility on the tendency towards extramarital relationships, the direct effect of psychological flexibility on ego Identity and the direct effect of ego Identity on the tendency towards extramarital relationships. the results have confirmed the indirect effect of the psychological flexibility variable through ego Identity on the tendency towards extramarital relationships (P <01/0). Therefore, psychological flexibility and ego Identity have many practical implications in research, and the treatment of tendency towards extramarital relationships.